MessageSet Lua Reference Documentation

chilkat.MessageSet

Current Version: 11.7.0

Markdown version of this page for AI tools (v 11.7.0) · all AI docs

Chilkat.MessageSet

Represent and pass sets of IMAP message identifiers.

Chilkat.MessageSet represents a set of IMAP message identifiers used by Chilkat.Imap. It is a helper object for passing groups of messages to IMAP methods and for receiving groups of message IDs returned by IMAP search, fetch, copy, delete, or flag-related operations. A MessageSet may contain either UIDs or sequence numbers, and the HasUids setting identifies which form is being used.

IMAP message IDs

Store the identifiers used by IMAP operations, either as message UIDs or as sequence numbers.

Used by Chilkat.Imap

Pass message sets to IMAP methods that operate on multiple messages, or receive them from IMAP methods that return matching messages.

UID awareness

Use HasUids to indicate whether the contained identifiers are stable IMAP UIDs or mailbox-relative sequence numbers.

Add and remove IDs

Insert message identifiers, remove identifiers, check whether an ID is present, and build the exact message group needed for an IMAP operation.

Compact string formats

Load or emit compact IMAP-style message ranges such as comma-separated lists and range expressions.

Set operations

Subtract one message set from another when application logic needs to exclude already-processed or unwanted messages.

Common pattern: Use MessageSet only for IMAP message identifiers, not as a general-purpose collection. Obtain a message set from an IMAP search or build one manually, confirm whether it contains UIDs or sequence numbers, then pass it to the appropriate Chilkat.Imap method for fetching, copying, deleting, flagging, or otherwise processing the selected messages.

Object Creation

local chilkat = require("chilkat")

local message_set = chilkat.MessageSet.new()
local message_set = chilkat.MessageSet.new()

Creates the object (chilkat.MessageSet() does the same). Lua's garbage collector frees it when it is no longer referenced; message_set:dispose() frees it at once, and in Lua 5.4 and later local message_set <close> = chilkat.MessageSet.new() frees it when the block ends. Calling a method of a disposed object raises an error.

Errors

A method that fails returns nil followed by the error text, as io.open does: local body, err = message_set:method(...), where err is the object's last_error_text. Wrap the call in assert() to raise an error with that text instead. Methods that answer a question return true or false, numbers are returned as they are (check last_method_success where the description says a value means failure), and property reads and writes never fail for Chilkat reasons.

Misuse raises a Lua error: a wrong argument type or a missing argument (bad argument #1 to ...), an unknown property name, a write to a read-only property, an out-of-range integer, or an object of the wrong class.

Names are Chilkat's in snake_case: QuickGetStr is quick_get_str, LastErrorText is last_error_text. Properties are fields (message_set.verbose_logging = true) and methods use the colon (message_set:method(...)). Strings are UTF-8; binary data is a Lua string of bytes. Indexes are 0-based, as in every Chilkat API. Unlocking: call chilkat.unlock_bundle("...") once at startup.

Properties

Count
-- intVal is an integer (read-only)
local intVal = message_set.count

Returns the number of unique message identifiers currently stored in the set. A newly created MessageSet has a count of 0.

The identifiers are maintained in ascending numeric order. They are interpreted as UIDs when HasUids is true, or as sequence numbers when it is false.

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DebugLogFilePath
-- strVal is a string
local strVal = message_set.debug_log_file_path
message_set.debug_log_file_path = strVal

If set to a file path, this property logs the LastErrorText of each Chilkat method or property call to the specified file. This logging helps identify the context and history of Chilkat calls leading up to any crash or hang, aiding in debugging.

Enabling the VerboseLogging property provides more detailed information. This property is mainly used for debugging rare instances where a Chilkat method call causes a hang or crash, which should generally not happen.

Possible causes of hangs include:

  • A timeout property set to 0, indicating an infinite timeout.
  • A hang occurring within an event callback in the application code.
  • An internal bug in the Chilkat code causing the hang.

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HasUids
-- boolVal is a boolean
local boolVal = message_set.has_uids
message_set.has_uids = boolVal

Indicates how the numeric identifiers in this message set are interpreted:

  • true — the values are IMAP UIDs. This is the default.
  • false — the values are mailbox-relative sequence numbers.

Changing this property only changes how the existing numeric values are interpreted. It does not convert, validate, reorder, or clear the identifiers.

An IMAP UID is stable only within its mailbox and while that mailbox's UIDVALIDITY remains unchanged. Sequence numbers are temporary and can change when messages are added or expunged.

Set this property consistently before passing a manually constructed message set to an Imap method. The string formats produced by ToCommaSeparatedStr and ToCompactString contain only the numeric values and do not include this setting.

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LastErrorHtml
-- strVal is a string (read-only)
local strVal = message_set.last_error_html

Provides HTML-formatted information about the last called method or property. If a method call fails or behaves unexpectedly, check this property for details. Note that information is available regardless of the method call's success.

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LastErrorText
-- strVal is a string (read-only)
local strVal = message_set.last_error_text

Provides plain text information about the last called method or property. If a method call fails or behaves unexpectedly, check this property for details. Note that information is available regardless of the method call's success.

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LastErrorXml
-- strVal is a string (read-only)
local strVal = message_set.last_error_xml

Provides XML-formatted information about the last called method or property. If a method call fails or behaves unexpectedly, check this property for details. Note that information is available regardless of the method call's success.

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LastMethodSuccess
-- boolVal is a boolean
local boolVal = message_set.last_method_success
message_set.last_method_success = boolVal

Indicates the success or failure of the most recent method call: true means success, false means failure. This property remains unchanged by property setters or getters. This method is present to address challenges in checking for null or Nothing returns in certain programming languages. Note: This property does not apply to methods that return integer values or to boolean-returning methods where the boolean does not indicate success or failure.

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VerboseLogging
-- boolVal is a boolean
local boolVal = message_set.verbose_logging
message_set.verbose_logging = boolVal

If set to true, then the contents of LastErrorText (or LastErrorXml, or LastErrorHtml) may contain more verbose information. The default value is false. Verbose logging should only be used for debugging. The potentially large quantity of logged information may adversely affect peformance.

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Version
-- strVal is a string (read-only)
local strVal = message_set.version

Version of the component/library, such as "10.1.0"

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Methods

ContainsId
-- msg_id is an integer
-- flag is true or false
local flag = message_set:contains_id(msg_id)

Returns true if the raw numeric value in msg_id is present in the message set; otherwise, returns false.

The comparison is numeric only. The HasUids setting does not participate in the comparison.

Returns true or false: an answer, not a success flag.

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FromCompactString
-- str is a string
-- ok is true, or nil and err on failure
local ok, err = message_set:from_compact_string(str)

Clears the identifiers currently stored in this object and loads the compact message-set representation in str. The existing HasUids setting is preserved.

Important: The existing set is cleared before str is parsed. If parsing fails, the message set remains empty.

An empty string succeeds and leaves the set empty. Valid identifiers are unsigned 32-bit decimal values from 1 through 4294967295. The value 0 is not accepted. Values too large for an unsigned 32-bit integer cause the method to fail.

The syntax uses commas to separate values or ranges, and a colon to specify an inclusive ascending range. A single range may contain at most 500,001 identifiers; equivalently, the ending value minus the starting value cannot exceed 500000.

Version note: The error-handling behavior described here was added in Chilkat version 11.6.0.
Input Result
1,2,3,4,5Loads 1,2,3,4,5.
1:5Loads the inclusive range 1 through 5.
1:5,8:10Loads 1,2,3,4,5,8,9,10.
1,1,2,2,3Loads the unique values 1,2,3.
1:5,3:7Loads the unique values 1 through 7.
1,,3Empty comma-separated elements are ignored; loads 1,3.
1,2,abc,4Unrecognized elements are ignored; loads 1,2,4.
+1A leading plus sign is accepted; loads 1.

Whitespace is accepted around values, commas, and colons. This includes spaces, tabs, carriage returns, and line feeds. Empty comma-separated elements and unrecognized non-numeric elements are intentionally ignored. If str is nonempty and no valid identifier is loaded, the method returns false.

Descending ranges, ranges containing 0, wildcard ranges such as 1:*, malformed range syntax, oversized ranges, and numeric overflow cause the method to return false.

On success, duplicate identifiers are removed and the resulting identifiers are stored in ascending numeric order. The serialized form contains only the numbers and does not indicate whether they are UIDs or sequence numbers.

Use ToCompactString to generate the canonical compact representation.

Returns true on success, nil, err on failure. The second return value, err, is the object's last_error_text; wrap the call in assert() to raise an error instead.

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GetId
-- index is an integer
-- n is an integer
local n = message_set:get_id(index)

Returns the message identifier at the zero-based index specified by index. Identifiers are returned in ascending numeric order.

If index is negative or is greater than or equal to Count, this method returns 0xFFFFFFFF.

Important: The numeric value 0xFFFFFFFF can also be stored in the set. Check index against Count before calling this method when that value could be present.
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InsertId
-- id is an integer
message_set:insert_id(id)

Adds id to the message set and maintains the identifiers in ascending numeric order.

  • If id is already present, no duplicate is added.
  • If id is 0, the set is unchanged.
  • The value 0xFFFFFFFF is accepted.

The HasUids setting determines whether the stored values are interpreted as UIDs or sequence numbers.

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RemoveId
-- id is an integer
message_set:remove_id(id)

Removes the identifier whose raw numeric value equals id. If the value is not present, the set is unchanged.

The comparison is numeric only and does not depend on HasUids. The remaining identifiers stay in ascending numeric order.

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Subtract
-- msg_set is a chilkat.MessageSet
message_set:subtract(msg_set)
Introduced in version 11.3.0

Removes from this message set every identifier whose raw numeric value is present in msg_set. Values not present in this set are ignored.

The comparison is numeric only; the HasUids values of the two objects are not compared. This object's HasUids value is preserved, and the remaining identifiers stay in ascending numeric order.

Passing the same object as msg_set clears the set. Passing an empty set leaves this set unchanged.

For meaningful IMAP results, both objects should represent identifiers of the same type and from the same mailbox.

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ToCommaSeparatedStr
-- str is a string, or nil and err on failure
local str, err = message_set:to_comma_separated_str()

Returns the unique identifiers as a comma-separated string in ascending numeric order. An empty set returns an empty string.

For example, a set containing the identifiers 1 through 5 returns 1,2,3,4,5.

The returned string contains only the numeric values; it does not include the HasUids setting.

Returns the string, or nil, err on failure (or when nothing is found). The second return value, err, is the object's last_error_text; wrap the call in assert() to raise an error instead.

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ToCompactString
-- str is a string, or nil and err on failure
local str, err = message_set:to_compact_string()

Returns the unique identifiers in ascending numeric order using compact IMAP message-set syntax. Consecutive identifiers are represented as an inclusive range. An empty set returns an empty string.

Comma-separated form Compact form
1,2,3,4,51:5
1,2,3,4,5,8,9,101:5,8:10
1,3,4,5,8,9,101,3:5,8:10

The returned string is canonical for the current set: identifiers are unique, sorted, and consecutive runs are compacted. It contains only the numeric values and does not include the HasUids setting.

Use FromCompactString to load this format.

Returns the string, or nil, err on failure (or when nothing is found). The second return value, err, is the object's last_error_text; wrap the call in assert() to raise an error instead.

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